Lubrication



Sept. 10, 1940. '.J. BlJuR LUBRICATION Filed 001'.. 9, 1934 Patented Sept. 10, 1940 UNTED STATES LUBRICATION Joseph Bijur, deceased, late of New York, N. Y., by George Bijur, executor, New York, N. Y., assignor to Auto Research Corporation, a corporation of Delaware Application October 9, 1934, Serial No. 747,502

9 Claims.

' ings more than their current requirements of lubricant, that is, suiiicient for hours of vehicle operation after the pump has completed its discharge.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a pump enabling an entirely automatic emission of lubricant to the bearings and suited to the requirements thereof throughout operation of the vehicle, and from a system of the above type.

Another type is to provide a pump of the above type, devoid of reduction gearing or other mechanical operating or Wearing connection to the running mechanism of the vehicle and effective to apply to the pump, the power required for the desired automatic operation.

Broadly considered, the pump is energized by a primary operating element or motor, which in turnfis energized through a power transmitting connection stationary relative to the vehicle throughout operation of the latter, preferably from a source of fluid pressure differentthan atmospheric.

Thel pump may be caused to discharge at nearly uniform rate or intermittently throughout operation of the vehicle or mechanism and either regardless of the speed or operating conditions thereof or in a denite relationship thereto.

For example', thev pump operating motor may be energized Yto a predetermined limited extent, thereupon to discharge the pump under an impulse independent of the power evolution of the engine. The motor operating connection may be a stationary immovable part devoid of mechanism, not subject to wearing out or to jamming and which does not itself require lubrication. It iurther has the advantage of permitting disposition of the lubricant'supply mechanism Wherever convenient on the engine or other vehicle part or mechanism to belubricated.

The pump actuating motor preferably functions automatically to commence recharging, as soon as pump discharge has been effected, to promptly complete such recharge, at the same time storing energy which upon completion of the 5 charge promptly initiates the next discharge of the pump, the pressure applied to the pipe system in previous operations being thus substantially sustained during the short time intervals between successive pump discharges.

Preferably the pump is of relatively smaller diameter and the pump actuating motor of larger proportions for enhancing pump pressure.

The flow metering outlets emitting throughout vehicle operation, when supplied from a pump 15 of the character referred to, the valves thereof need function to prevent leak, chiey when the vehicle is stationary, at which times the valves are, of course, not subjected to the vibration, which tends to unseat them and permit leak. Incidentally, less care and precision of valve construction is required than when the valve is relied on to prevent flow or leak during the movement of the vehicle.

The outlet valves may be of loose or oating construction., or of the spring seated type. These valves are promptly seated either by the suction engendered due to the tendency to leak from a bearing at lower level or by their spring, whereby entry of air is prevented and leak is inhibited.

In one specific embodiment disclosed, the pump is operated by a iiuid piston motor which may be actuated from the engine.

The engine exhaust yor cylinder compression may be utilized as the operating agency. 35

This application is similar in subject matter to copending applications Serial No. 580,668, led August 9th, 1922, now Patent No. 1,975,920, Serial No. 596,856, filed October 25th, 1922, now Patent No. 2,017,848, Serial No, 262,123, led March 16, 1928, Patent No. 2,043,826 and Serial No. 265,473, :died March 28th, 1928, now Patent No. 1,979,247.

In the accompanying drawing in which are shown one or more of various possible embodiments of the several features of the invention,

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic View indicating chassis lubricating installation,

Fig. 2 is a view in longitudinal section of one embodiment of drip plug for the system disclosed,

Fig. 3 is a sectional view illustrating a modification operated from the compression in the cylinders; and

Fig. 4 illustrates an alternative motor construction in section. l

It Will be noted that of these guresFigs. 1 and 2 correspond respectively to Figs. l and 3 of application Serial No. 589,668, Fig. 1 of the present application being somewhat simplied as compared to Fig. l of said parent application 580,658; Fig. 3 corresponds to Fig. 5 of application Serial No. 596,856; and Fig. 4 corresponds to Fig. 10a of application Serial No. 265,473.

`Referring now to Fig. 1 there is shown` diagrammatically the general layout of the chassis of an automobile having a lubricant supply unit S, illustratively on the dashboard. The distributing system includes headers c and d, which communicate at their ends with the respective mains m extending the length of the channel frames and feeding various bearings at or near which the terminals t are applied. Bridging conduits (not shown) are provided, leading to similar outlets (not shown) at or near the corresponding bearings.

The ow metering outlets designated by reference character t may be of any of the various embodiments disclosed in said copending applications.

The fitting of Fig. 2' is shown elbow-shaped and comprises a support element i9 provided with a transverse tapped socket i l into which is threaded an inlet tting or cartridge i2 which extends at right angles to the support. The support is formed preferably of square or polygonal stock, so that shoulder i3 on the cartridge will contact snugly with one of the nat sides. The support is threaded at its end at ld for insertion into a bearing, bolt or other part to be lubricated.

Within the support l@ there is provided a check valve I5, urged tight against an annular seat it by a coil spring il reacting against a perforated washer i3 maintained in place within the bore of the fitting support by a split ring i9 in groove i9. The valve is provided with a seating portion of a material it which should be yielding to compensate for irregularities in the seat, smooth to seat completely under light pressure, substantially impervious, and chemically inert to oil, and non-sticking.

For imposing a high ilow controlling resist-- ance, there is shown in Fig. 2 a length oi metal wire or ller 2li within the axial bore of the inlet cartridge I2. The bore 29 is preferably about ,1-6 in diameter and about an inch long and the wire filler about .002 smaller in diameter, leaving a minute restricted annular crevice or passage about the wire, afording a permanent high resistance to ilow.

The inlet end of the inlet cartridge, preferably has a socket within which is plug 22, the inner end of which rits snugly tl 3 in, while the outer end preferably loose cr spaced from the wall of the corresponding portion 23 of somewhat enlarged diameter, as shown, The end of the pipe line is connected to the fitting by a suitable coupling Zd.

The fitting, it will be seen, has a nzied resistance to ow determined by the pin 29, maintained invariant by the strainer plug 22 which intercepts any small particles that might tend to clog the minute crevice or to become seated at the valve.

It will be understood that in lieu of the embodiment of fitting herein disclosed, various other constructions shown in said ccpending applications particularly Serial llo. 589,658 may be used to advantage, and that the valve of one embodiment may be substituted for that oi another.

'I'he pump of Fig. 3 may be charged by engine compression to store energy in spring |92, the

expansion of which effects the discharge. The prolongation of the piston stem 93 extends into a cylinder i9@ through a stuffing box |95 and carries a piston head movable in said cylinder. The lower end of the upper or charging cylinder is provided with a boss |91 to which is attached a pipe |98 connected at its opposite end to the top of one of the gas engine cylinders |99. A two-way Valve itil normally connects the charging cylinder with atmosphere, as shown, and may be turned by hand or automatically at desired intervals to connect said charging cylinder with the engine cylinder. rhe check valve lill in the line adjacent the engine cylinder allows the passage of compressed gas from the engine to the charging cylinder, while preventing reverse flow from the charging cylinder during the suction stroke of the engine cylinder.

The piston stem |93 continues up through an aperture H32 in the cover of the charging cylinder and its end is provided with a handle |03 by which the pump may be manually charged, if desired, or required.

The element |39 is a U-shaped air vent similar to the pipe o or Fig. fr.

In Fig. 3 the valve |00 may be of the type shown in Patent 1,975,920, Figs. 19 and 20, and may be actuated by the movements of the piston |96 to alternately connectthe lower side of the piston i9@ to the pressure in the engine cylinders and to the atmosphere.

In Fig. 4 is shown another embodiment in which the propulsive force is derived from the course of flow of the combustible mixture, specically from the intake manifold. For this purpose, the pump is actuated directly or indirectly by a small suction motor 29|. The suction motor casing may be aixed to a bracket 293 in turn secured to the top of the lubricant reservoir (not shown). The suction motor comprises a cylinder cup 29| with a piston 292 therein, having a stud 295 to protrude through an opening 296 and mounting the rod 290. The head 291 of the cylinder which is bolted in place at 298 has an inlet opening through which the suction from the intake manifold (not shown) is applied through a connecting pipe 400. The cylinder is vented to atmosphere through a pipe v axed in the cylinder head by means of a threaded bushing 'v'.

To govern the alternate application and relief of suction, in order to cause reciprocaton of the motor, there is provided control valve mechanism"l comprising a valve |08 normally open, at the suction port, and a valve |09 normally closed or seated at the venting port. Both of these Valves are loosely a'Xed with respect to a toggle leaf spring ||0 mounted at its ends in supporting tongues H0 aixed at the cylinder head. The flexure of the toggle spring ||0 is determined by cross pins ||2 and ||3 at opposite sides thereof and near the inner end of a rod I4 xed axially of the piston 92.

The operation proceeds as follows: While the engine is operating and suction is applied at the intake manifold, air will be drawn out of the cylinder 29| past the open valve |08, thereby drawing the piston 292 upward against the resistance of a spring 05a until the cross-pin ||2 thereon causes the toggle spring ||0 to snap past dead center. By this operation, both the Valves |08 and |09 are raised, the suction valve |08 being pressed upward against its seat to close the suction port and the ventingl valve |08 being lifted from its seat to open the Vent- 75 ing port. Accordingly, .no further suction from the manifold is applied to the cylinder 29|, while the vacuum or partial vacuum within the cylinder is destroyed by the communication with atmosphere past the open Valve |09. Accordingly, the spring |05a is free to expand and to return the piston to the lower extremity of its stroke, as shown in Fig. 4, thereby, in that operation, causing the rod 290 to actuate the pump. When the extreme return position is reached,

,the toggle 4spring I ||J is snapped to downwardly bowed position by the contact therewith of the upper cross pin ||3, thereby again opening the suction valve and closing the venting valve, so that the operative or suction stroke will be repeated. Tlfius, throughout the operation of the engine, the suction motor will reciprocate.

Inthe absence of further precautions, the lubricator would feed more oil when the engine is idling or operating at slow speed than `when the vehicle is moving at normal or high speeds. This is due to the fact that the suction upon the intake manifold increases as the throttle valve is closed.

To obviate consequent over-lubrication there is provided a special valve in the suction line which automaticallly closes to prevent operation of the suction motor when the suction exceeds a predetermined maximum.

Illustratively, there is shown the motor head provided with a ntting il. within which is a disk valve |5 having a stem |06 extending therebelow into a corresponding depression |06 in the motor head 291. The valve has also a stemf |01 extending thereabove through a spider |01 in the tting. A coil spring I encircling the stem ||J`| reacts against the spider and holds the valve |05 away from the end of the ntting |04, which latter serves as a valve seat therefor. The valve |05 is thus normally open but when the suction exceeds a predetermined maximum the expansive force of spring is overcome and the valve closes so that eiective application of suction to the motor ceases until the suction has again dropped below the maximum.

The motor mechanism described may obviously operate upon the pump piston through a reduction mechanism, such as that shown in the embodiments of Figs. l to 5 or 6 to 9 of, Patent No. 1,979,247 of November 6, 1934.

What is claimed is:

1. In a centralized lubricating installation for the chassis bearings of a motor vehicle, a lubricant pump having a cylinder, a piston reciprocating in said cylinder and means for operating said piston, including a suction-operated apparatus for roughly uniform, operation during the running of the Vehicle, said apparatus having a suction motor connected to the intake manifold of an engine, a valve controlling the inlet to said suction motor, a spring urging said valve away from its seat, against the suction occurring under normal running conditions, said spring being overcome for shutting off the delivery of power to said suction motor when the suction exceeds a predetermined maximum.

2. In a chassis lubricating pump for a motor vehicle of the type having chambers to receive a combustion mixture, to explode said combustion mixture and permit of expansion thereof, and to discharge sai combustion mixture after explosion said pump including a motor element comprising a cylindrical casing, a reciprocable piston element therein, conduit Vmeans to admit atmospheric pressure directly connected at all times to above the piston element including an inverted U tube with one leg opening into the top of the cylinder and the other leg opening directly without restriction into the atmosphere, conduit means to connect one of said chambers to said casing, whereby a pressure substantially diffe-rent from atmospheric may be applied to one side of said piston, coil spring return means connected to said piston to bias it in one direction, valve means to control said conduit means and including a valve in the said conduit means to control the connection between said casing and said chamber to create a pressure diierential on said piston to cause the piston to move in one direction and to compress and stress said coil spring return means, and then to change said different pressure tol atmospheric and permit return of said piston with expansion of said coil spring return means.

3. In a pump for a centralized lubricating installation, a differential pressure device including a piston and a cylinder, a connecting rod connected to said piston and extending outside of said cylinder, a handle on the end of said connecting rod whereby it is possible to operate saidfpiston optionally, and manually actuated valve means' to supply uid pressure substantially different from atmospheric thereto, said motor including an air vent to one end of said cylinder and said fluid pressure supply being connected to the other end of the cylinder.

4. A reciprocating piston pump for feeding a centralized lubricating system having piping leading to bearings of a machine, said machine being provided with a source of varying fluid pressure substantially different than atmospheric, said piston pump comprising a cylinder, a piston reciprocating in said cylinder, said piston being of means on said connection, one means being periodically actuated to close and open said connection and the other means being actuated to close said connection to prevent an excessive fluid pressure being applied to said device.

5. A lubricating installation for a mechanism having a plurality of spaced and distributed bearings, said installation including a distributing piping system leading to the bearings, a piston pump feeding said distributing piping system, said piston pump including a cylinder and a reciprocating piston therein and a vacuum motor for reciprocating said piston to be actuated by a source of varying subatmospheric pressure in the mechanism to be lubricated, said motor comprising a casing, a differential pressure device in said casing, a connection between said casing and said source whereby said subsure in the mechanism to be lubricated, said motor comprising a casing, a diierential pressure device in said casing, a connection between said casing and said source whereby said subatmospheric pressure may be applied to one side of said device and reciprocating means in said connection to limit the degree of subatmospheric pressure which may be applied, said last mentioned means including a valve, a seat for the valve, a spring biasing said valve away from its seat, said spring being of such strength that a low vacuum will not overcome it to seat the valve but a high vacuum will.

7. A lubricating installation for a mechanism having a plurality of spaced and distributed bearings, said installation including a distributing piping system leading to the bearings, a piston pump feeding said distributing piping system, said piston pump including a cylinder and a reciprocating piston therein and a vacuum motor for reciprocating said piston to be actuated by a source of varying subatmospheric pressure in the mechanism to be lubricated, said motor comprising a casing, a differential pressuredevice in said casing, a connection between said `casing and said source whereby said subatmospheric pressure may be applied to one side of said device and reciprocating means in said connection to limit the degree of subatmospheric pressure which maybe applied, said last mentioned means including a valve, a seat for the valve, a spring biasing said valve away from itsl seat, said spring being of such strength that a low vacuum will not overcome it to seat the valve but a high vacuum will, and also includingmeans to periodically cut off said subatmospheric pressure.

8. A lubricating installation for a mechanism having a plurality of spaced and distributed bearings, said installation including a distributing piping system leading tothe bearings, a piston pump feeding said distributing piping sys- Y vtern, said piston pump including a cylinder and in the mechanismto be lubricated, said motor comprising a casing, a diierential pressure device in said casing, a connection between said casing and said source'whereby said subatmospheric pressure may be applied to one side of said device, and a triple valve control respectively to limit the degree of subatmospherilc pressure, to open and cut 01T said subatmospheric source from said casing and to open and cut oi the .atmosphere from said casing.

9. In a centralized lubricating system of the type having distributing piping leading to bearings of a machine, said piping having now metering outlets to meter the lubricant fed to the bearings; the combination therewith of a central pump including a cylinder, a reciprocating piston making a stroke in one direction to charge the pump and in a reverse direction to discharge the pump, a connecting rod attached to said piston and extending along the aXis of said cylinder and said piston, a coil spring caXial with said connecting rod and encircling said connecting rod and stressed upon movement of the piston in one direction and subsequently expanding to move the piston in an opposite direction, a motor to inlove said piston in said one spring stressing direction and simultaneously stressing said spring, said motor including a casing, a 'diierential pressure device therein dividing said casing into two compartments, a source of pressure different from atmospheric pressure with a connection from said source directly to `one of said compartments, valve means upon said connection to periodically connect said source with, and disconnect said Source from said compartment through said connection, and an atmospheric connection directly to one of said compartments, said Valve means causing said different pressure to "be transmitted periodically through said pressure connection to said compartment connected thereto.

GEORGE BIJUR, Emecutor of thel Estate of Joseph Bifur, De-

ceased. 

